How does diet play a role in cancer prevention?

Diet is a crucial factor in cancer prevention, as it significantly influences various aspects of our health, including the risk of developing cancer. Consuming a well-balanced and nutrient-rich diet not only supports overall well-being but also plays a pivotal role in reducing the likelihood of cancer. One of the primary ways in which diet contributes to cancer prevention is by promoting a healthy weight, according to Dr Randeep Singh, senior consultant and director, medical oncology, from Narayana Hospital, Gurugram. “Obesity is a known risk factor for several types of cancer, including breast, colorectal, and uterine cancer. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can aid in weight management, lowering the risk of obesity-related cancers,” said Dr Singh.

Concurred Dr Neeraj Goel, director, and senior consultant, gastrointestinal, minimal access, HPB, bariatric and robotic surgery at Dharamshila Narayana Superspeciality Hospital and shared that a diet focused on portion control, balanced macronutrients, and calorie moderation supports weight management, reducing the risk of obesity-related cancers.

Try to have a healthy weight (Source: Getty Images/Thinkstock)

Moreover, certain foods possess powerful anti-cancer properties. For instance, fruits and vegetables, turmeric are abundant in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that help neutralise free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can damage cells and potentially lead to cancer. “Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and kale contain compounds known to have anti-cancer effects. Additionally, the inclusion of fibre in the diet from sources like whole grains, legumes, and fruits can contribute to a healthy digestive system, reducing the risk of colorectal cancer,” said Dr Singh.

Furthermore, dietary choices can impact hormone levels in the body. High intake of processed foods and sugary beverages, for instance, may lead to insulin resistance and increased levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF), which are associated with certain cancers. “On the other hand, a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, may have anti-inflammatory effects, potentially reducing the risk of inflammation-related cancers,” said Dr Singh.

Limiting the consumption of processed and red meats is a key aspect of a cancer-preventive diet. “High intake of red and processed meats has been linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Instead, opting for lean protein sources, such as fish, poultry, legumes, and plant-based proteins, contributes to a healthier overall profile,” said Dr Goel.

Opting for water, herbal teas, and other low-calorie beverages not only supports hydration but also aligns with cancer prevention efforts, added Dr Goel.

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