Experts warn influenza flu can increase risk of heart attack; here’s what you should know

Dr Sudhir Kumar, a neurologist, recently posted a video on X highlighting a concerning link between influenza infections and an increased risk of myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack. 

In the clip, he states, “In the first few days after a flu, the risk of heart attack increases, and recently, a large-scale study was done. What it showed is that the risk of a heart attack in 1-7 days following a flu infection was about six times higher (sic).”

Risk of Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) temporarily increases after Influenza infection (viral flu) pic.twitter.com/d4EGm7PGqu

— Dr Sudhir Kumar MD DM (@hyderabaddoctor) July 25, 2024

This connection highlights the potentially far-reaching consequences of what many consider a routine seasonal illness. 

Dr Palleti Siva Karthik Reddy, MBBS, MD, General Medicine, consultant physician, Bengaluru, tells indianexpress.com, “I’ve seen firsthand how influenza’s impact often extends far beyond the typical aches, pains, and fever we associate with the illness. It may surprise you to learn that this seemingly common respiratory infection can significantly increase your risk of a heart attack — a sobering reality that deserves our attention.”

Biological mechanisms through which influenza infection might increase the risk of heart attack

Dr Reddy says, “Influenza triggers a powerful inflammatory response in your body as it fights off the infection. This surge of inflammation can destabilise existing plaque buildup in your arteries, making it more likely to rupture and cause a heart attack.”

The virus can also activate your blood clotting system, he adds, leading to an increased risk of blood clots forming in your arteries. If a clot blocks blood flow to your heart, it results in a myocardial infarction (heart attack).

The fever, rapid heartbeat, and overall stress your body experiences during the flu can put a significant strain on your heart. This additional workload can trigger a heart attack in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions or those already at a higher risk.

In some cases, Dr Reddy states, the influenza virus may directly infect the heart muscle, causing inflammation and potentially leading to heart dysfunction.

People with heart disease, high blood pressure, or other cardiovascular risk factors face an elevated risk of heart attack following the flu. (Source: Freepik)

Who’s most at risk? 

While anyone can experience a heart attack after an influenza infection, according to Dr Reddy,  certain groups are particularly susceptible:

Older Adults: As we age, our immune system weakens, and our hearts are more vulnerable to stress. This makes older adults more prone to complications from both the flu and heart problems.

Individuals with Pre-existing Heart Conditions: People with heart disease, high blood pressure, or other cardiovascular risk factors face an elevated risk of heart attack following the flu.

Those with Weakened Immune Systems: Individuals with compromised immunity, such as those undergoing cancer treatment or living with HIV/AIDS, are at a higher risk of severe influenza complications, including heart issues.

Preventive measures individuals can take to minimise risk of myocardial infarction  

The most effective way to minimise the risk of heart attack after influenza is prevention, says Dr Reddy. Some additional measures include:

-Get Vaccinated: The annual flu shot is your best defense against influenza infection and its potential complications.

-Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands frequently, avoid close contact with sick individuals, and cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze.

-Seek Prompt Medical Attention: If you suspect you have the flu, see your doctor right away. Early treatment with antiviral medications can reduce the severity and duration of the illness, potentially lowering your risk of heart complications.

-Manage Existing Heart Conditions: If you have a history of heart problems, it’s crucial to keep them under control. This includes taking medications as prescribed, following a healthy lifestyle, and attending regular checkups with your cardiologist.

-Lifestyle Adjustments: If you contract the flu, get plenty of rest, stay hydrated, and avoid strenuous activities that can strain your heart.

DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.

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