Experts share possible causes for thyroid dysregulation associated with PCOS

Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PSOS) have been hoping for a cure for a long time. While the chances are slim, the focus has been on understanding the triggers and coming up with solutions to help mitigate the problem. The connection between thyroid dysfunction and PCOS plays an important role in this aspect. indianexpress.com spoke to health experts to understand the primary causes.

“Thyroid dysfunction occurs when either the thyroid is overworking or underworking. It is usually linked with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) because both are interconnected since both are endocrine dysfunctions. Both influence each other and are commonly seen in women of reproductive age,” said Dr Rohan Palshetkar, head of Unit Bloom IVF, professor at department of OBGYN, D Y Patil School of Medicine.

“Chronic inflammation common in PCOS patients can disturb the thyroid function. Genetics is another factor which can contribute to both the conditions co-existing,” said Dr Palshetkar.

According to him, obesity can also alter the thyroid levels and worsen both PCOS and thyroid disorders. Nutritional deficiencies such as iodine, selenium, zinc can also dysregulate the thyroid dysfunction.

Dr C Jyothi Budi, medical director, Ferty9 Fertility Center, listed out the following causes of thyroid dysregulation:

Insulin resistance: Insulin resistance is prevalent in PCOS and can lead to increased levels of insulin in the blood. High insulin levels can interfere with thyroid hormone production and conversion, contributing to thyroid dysfunction.

Inflammation: Chronic low-grade inflammation, which is often seen in PCOS, can harm thyroid function. Inflammatory cytokines can disrupt the synthesis and activity of thyroid hormones.

Hormonal imbalances: The hormonal imbalances inherent in PCOS, including elevated levels of luteinising hormone (LH) and androgens, can negatively impact the thyroid gland’s ability to produce hormones efficiently.

Autoimmune factors: Women with PCOS have a higher risk of autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland.

Lifestyle factors: Diet, physical activity, and weight play significant roles. Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle, commonly seen in PCOS, can worsen both insulin resistance and thyroid function.

Chronic low-grade inflammation, which is often seen in PCOS, can harm thyroid function. (Representational Image)

Can it be prevented?

Dr Palshetkar shared that it is very difficult to prevent, especially if genetics is involved. However, there are some strategies which can be used to prevent, delay or manage it.

According to him, lifestyle management is the first line of prevention, treatment and management. “Exercising approximately 30-45 minutes per day would help improve insulin sensitivity, aid weight loss and reduce inflammation, beneficial for both. Stress management is also equally important along with regular sleep,” he said.

“A well-balanced diet rich in nutrients and required minerals that support thyroid health––such as iodine, selenium, and zinc––is essential. Regular physical activity can also help improve insulin sensitivity and hormonal balance. Also avoiding smoking and alcohol also helps,” said Dr Budi.

*DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.*

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