Scientists discover rare species of bioluminescent mushrooms in Kasaragod, warn against their consumption

In the forests of Kasaragod, researchers have discovered a rare species of bioluminescent mushrooms that emit a brilliant, otherworldly green light in the darkness of night, according to a report by ONmanorama. 

These fascinating fungi, scientifically known as Filoboletus manipularis, are capable of producing their own light through a biochemical process. They were found after a micro-fungal survey was conducted jointly by the Kasaragod division of the Kerala Forest and Wildlife Department and the Mushrooms of India Community in the Ranipuram forest. 

Kasaragod Divisional forest officer K Ashraf, Dr Jinu Muraleedharan, Dr Santhosh Kumar Kookal, KM Anoop, Sachin Pai and Poorna Sajna were part of the survey team involving scientists and researchers. 

According to ONmanorama, over 50 different species of mushrooms were found during the survey, with the bioluminescent mushrooms being the most important discovery. However, scientists have deemed them “not fit for consumption”. 

What is Filoboletus manipularis?

Dilip Kumar Rai, botany expert and principal at Yangsum Senior Secondary School, Sikkim, explains, “The discovery of Filoboletus manipularis in Kasaragod is a remarkable addition to our understanding of fungal biodiversity. Their unique bioluminescence offers a glimpse into the wonders of nature.”

Filoboletus manipularis, he adds, is a fascinating species of bioluminescent mushroom. These mushrooms glow a bright green at night due to a chemical reaction in their cells. “They thrive in tropical, humid environments, typically found in dense forests where there’s plenty of decaying organic matter, like fallen trees and leaves. This rich, moist environment provides the nutrients and conditions necessary for their growth and their unique glowing property.”

The chemicals that make these mushrooms glow could be toxic, leading to severe gastrointestinal issues or worse if ingested (Source: Freepik)

Biochemical process of bioluminescence in filoboletus manipularis

According to Rai, the glow you see in Filoboletus manipularis is thanks to a chemical reaction involving luciferin (a pigment) and luciferase (an enzyme), with oxygen playing a critical role. This reaction produces light, a trait shared with other bioluminescent organisms like fireflies and certain marine creatures. 

In fungi, this glowing mechanism is thought to attract insects, “which help disperse the mushroom’s spores”. While the process is similar to other bioluminescent beings, Rai informs that the specific chemicals involved can vary, adding to the diversity of bioluminescent life.

Contribution to understanding fungal biodiversity in Ranipuram forest

Discovering Filoboletus manipularis in the Ranipuram forest is a big win for science, agrees Rai. “These bioluminescent mushrooms not only contribute to the ecosystem by breaking down organic matter but also open up new avenues for research. Scientists can study their genetic makeup to understand more about bioluminescence and uncover potentially new species, enhancing our knowledge of fungal ecosystems.”

Health risks and reasons to avoid consumption of Filoboletus manipularis

While Filoboletus manipularis might look magical with its glowing green light, scientists strongly advise against consuming them. Rai shares the reasons behind this. “Many wild mushrooms contain toxins that can be harmful, and bioluminescent ones are no exception. The chemicals that make them glow could be toxic, leading to severe gastrointestinal issues or worse if ingested.” 

Until more research is done, it’s best to admire these mushrooms for their beauty rather than considering them as a food source, he warns.

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