Confused between what’s heat exhaustion, stroke and cramps? A doctor simplifies it for us

Temperatures are soaring beyond the ordinary and heat wave alerts are filling up our inboxes and social media feeds. With medical jargon flying all around, it’s natural to feel confused and overwhelmed. Indianexpress.com spoke to Dr Shrey Srivastav, MD (Internal Medicine), Sharda Hospital, Noida, who explained the difference between heat stroke, cramps and exhaustion for us in simple terms.

Exhaustion vs stroke vs cramps

According to Srivastav, heat exhaustion happens when the body overheats due to prolonged sun exposure, with the body temperature rising above 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Symptoms include cramps, dehydration, stomach issues, and electrolyte imbalance, disrupting the body’s functioning primarily through fluid loss.

Compared to exhaustion, heat stroke is more severe and warrants immediate medical attention. “The patient’s body temperature rises above 140 degree Fahrenheit, leading to unconsciousness, dizziness, sluggish speech, dehydration, and concentrated urine. In some cases, they may even slip into a coma,” said Srivastav

Heat strokes often mimic a typical stroke, causing arrhythmia where the heart rate fluctuates as it tries to stabilise fluid loss within the body, he added.

He further explained that heat cramps are a complication arising from heat exhaustion and stroke, characterised by painful muscle spasms in the biceps and calf muscles, commonly referred to as “labor muscles.” They are prevalent among laborers exposed to direct sunlight, schoolchildren, athletes, and the elderly.

For people suffering from heat exhaustion and cramps, the doctor recommended boosting electrolyte intake with foods like coconut water and oral rehydration solution (Source: PTI)

Treatment

“Morbidly obese individuals with a BMI above 30, diabetics, and pregnant women with elevated body temperatures and heart rates are at increased risk of heat strokes. They should be hospitalised and receive IV fluids to replenish their regular fluid intake,” explained the physician.

For people suffering from heat exhaustion and cramps, the doctor recommended boosting electrolyte intake with foods like coconut water, oral rehydration solution, and bananas for potassium. “Recovery may take six to eight hours, so prioritise rest and fluid intake,” he recommended.

Srivastav also recommended wearing loose, light-colored clothing, applying broad-spectrum SPF sunscreen, and avoiding direct sun exposure from 12 pm to 3 pm. “Always carry a water bottle and stay hydrated,” he emphasised.

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