What is dry ice and why did diners in Gurugram restaurant vomit blood after consuming it?

In a disturbing incident that recently came to light, dry ice was ‘mistakenly’ offered to a party of diners at a Gurugram restaurant in place of mouth freshener, which subsequently caused them to vomit blood. Dry ice is categorised as a lethal substance according to the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). In fact, even the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), advises against the use of dry ice with bare hands. “Always wear gloves designed for very cold temperatures and safety goggles,” reads the CDC site.

What is dry ice?

Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide at extremely low temperatures, around -78.5 degrees Celsius (-109.3 degrees Fahrenheit). “Due to its sublimation property, which enables it to transition straight from a solid to a gas without going through a liquid phase, it is frequently used for freezing and cooling,” said Dr Rajeev Gupta, director, internal medicine, CK Birla Hospital (R), Delhi.

What are the associated health risks?

While dry ice works well as a cooling agent, safety measures need to be followed. Carbon dioxide gas and extremely frigid temperatures can cause respiratory issues or skin injuries when improperly handled.

According to Dr Gupta, its low temperature may result in frostbite or cold burns when it comes into close contact with the skin.

“Inhaling large amounts of carbon dioxide gas that sublimates dry ice in a small area can cause dizziness and respiratory problems. It’s crucial to use dry ice in well-ventilated areas and to handle it with insulated gloves or tongs to avoid skin contact,” he said.

Moreover, exposure to dry ice or its vapour can provoke eye irritation, manifesting as redness, tearing, and discomfort, said Dr Dipak Patade, consultant physician, Adhikari Lifeline Multispecialty Hospital, Palghar.

Dry ice affects your body (representative) (Source: Getty Images/Thinkstock)

To reduce health risks, always follow safety guidelines when working with dry ice.

Precautionary measures

There is a necessity for conscientious handling practices, comprehensive protective measures, and prioritising adequate ventilation during the utilisation or storage of dry ice indoors, said Dr Patade.

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