Do certain sounds trigger strong physical or emotional reactions in you? If so, you’re not alone

While still not widely recognised or understood, misophonia, derived from the Greek words “misos” (hatred) and “phonos” (sound), is a relatively new term for a condition that has likely existed for centuries. However, research is gradually shedding light on this debilitating disorder that affects many.  

What is misophonia?

As defined by Dr Ishu Goyal, Deputy Consultant, Neurology, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, “Misophonia is a condition in which individuals experience extreme negative emotions to sounds produced by other humans which are not unpleasant to individuals who are not misophonic.” These emotions can range from irritation and annoyance to full-blown rage and despair.  

Unlike general sound sensitivity or noise aversion, misophonia is characterised by a specific and intense reaction to particular sounds. Common triggers include oral sounds such as chewing, slurping, and lip-smacking; repetitive actions like pen clicking or keyboard tapping; and breathing sounds.  

Physical and emotional toll

The impact of misophonia on individuals can be profound. The physical manifestations of this condition include increased heart rate, sweating, trembling, and even a fight-or-flight response. Emotionally, sufferers often experience intense anger, frustration, and anxiety. In severe cases, misophonia can lead to social isolation, as individuals may avoid situations where they are likely to be exposed to trigger sounds.  

Dr Goyal explained, “The physical and emotional reactions to triggers differ in people with misophonia in a way such that they react to sounds that are appreciated as neutral in the general population. Non-misophonic people do not show any reaction to these triggers, whereas people with misophonia tend to develop extreme rage along with physical signs like increased heart rate to the same stimulus.”

Impact on daily life

Misophonia can significantly disrupt daily life. Eating in public, attending movies or concerts, and even sharing a room with others can become overwhelming or impossible for those affected. The constant anticipation of trigger sounds can lead to chronic stress and anxiety.  

Misophonia severely impacts daily life, causing physical reactions like racing heart and trembling, along with intense emotional distress and anger. (Source: Freepik)

“Since the triggers are very trivial and unavoidable, any kind of emotional outburst to the same may be quite embarrassing at a public or workplace,” said Dr Goyal. “Since the coping mechanisms are not adequately developed in these individuals, they tend to avoid moving out of their safe zone entirely, hence hampering their social and professional life.”

The search for understanding

Despite the growing awareness of misophonia, there is still much to learn about its causes and treatment. Researchers believe that the condition may involve abnormalities in the brain’s auditory processing system. However, more research is needed to confirm this theory. 

“The disorder, although not very frequently identified and not very clearly understood, causes significant impairment to the sufferers,” Dr Goyal stated. “Since the awareness to these rare conditions is significantly lacking, which may lead to lack of understanding from spouse and family, hence putting personal life in jeopardy.”

Coping and treatment

Currently, there is no cure for misophonia, but various strategies can help manage symptoms. These include:  

• Sound therapy: Using noise-cancelling headphones or white noise machines can help mask trigger sounds.
• Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): This therapy can help individuals develop coping mechanisms and reduce anxiety associated with trigger sounds.  
• Medication: In some cases, medications may be prescribed to manage anxiety or depression related to misophonia.  

While research into effective treatments is ongoing, early intervention is crucial for individuals with misophonia. Seeking professional help can provide valuable support and guidance.

Raising awareness

As with many lesser-known conditions, raising awareness of misophonia is essential. By understanding the challenges faced by individuals with this disorder, we can create a more supportive and inclusive environment.

Dr Goyal emphasised the importance of awareness among healthcare providers: “The treatment involves recognizing the symptoms as a disorder and seeking medical attention, awareness on the part of practitioners, considering the rarity of the condition.”

By sharing personal stories and advocating for further research, individuals with misophonia can help to reduce stigma and improve the quality of life for themselves and others.

Misophonia is a complex and often misunderstood condition that can have a devastating impact on a person’s life. While there is still much to learn about its causes and treatment, increasing awareness and understanding are essential steps toward improving the lives of those affected. By working together, researchers, healthcare providers, and individuals with misophonia can find effective ways to manage this challenging condition.

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