Why the Chandipura virus is ‘particularly severe’ in children of this age group (and how to protect them)

Gujarat’s suspected Chandipura Viral Encephalitis (CHPV) cases climbed to 20 on Thursday, with two tragically succumbing to the illness in Ahmedabad city. Worryingly, 35 individuals exhibiting CHPV symptoms are currently hospitalised across various district civil hospitals, The Indian Express previously reported.

It’s important to note that most fatalities from this virus have been children. According to Dr Ather Pasha, Consultant of Internal Medicine at CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, while the Chandipura virus can infect anyone, it’s often more fatal in children due to their immature immune systems and the rapid progression of symptoms.

The Chandipura virus, identified in India in 1965, belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family and causes encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain. Primarily transmitted by sandflies, the virus has caused fatalities in Gujarat due to its rapid progression and impact on the central nervous system, especially in children, Dr Pasha noted.

While adults can contract the virus, they typically experience milder symptoms and lower fatality rates, he said, further explaining the factors that make children more susceptible to severe Chandipura virus infection:

Developing Immune Systems: Children’s immune systems are still developing, making them less effective at fighting off the virus.

Exposure Risk: Children are more likely to play outdoors and may not use protective measures as consistently as adults.

Age Bracket: The virus is particularly severe in children under 15, with the highest risk for those under 10.

The rapid escalation of symptoms like high fever, seizures, and altered mental state necessitates early diagnosis and treatment, Dr Padha said. (File photo)

What are the warning signs and how does it psread?

Dr Pasha warned of the following warning signs of Chandipura virus infection:

• High fever
• Severe headaches
• Vomiting
• Seizures
• Altered mental state (confusion, drowsiness)
• Coma (in severe cases)

The virus spreads through infected sandfly bites. These sandflies become infected by biting animals carrying the virus and subsequently transmit it to humans.

How to prevent the infection in children and adults?

The rapid escalation of symptoms like high fever, seizures, and altered mental state necessitates early diagnosis and treatment, Dr Padha said. Unfortunately, delayed diagnosis, lack of specific antiviral treatments, and limited intensive care access in affected regions contribute to the high mortality rate.

Here’s how to protect yourself and your children from the Chandipura virus:

Insect Repellents: Apply repellents containing DEET or other effective ingredients to exposed skin.

Protective Clothing: Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, especially during peak sandfly activity (dawn and dusk).

Insecticide-treated Nets: Use nets treated with insecticide to prevent bites while sleeping.

Environmental Management: Eliminate potential sandfly breeding sites around your home and community by removing standing water and organic waste.

Awareness and Education: Stay informed about the virus, its symptoms, and preventive measures.

Prompt medical attention, improved healthcare infrastructure, and effective vector control programs are crucial to reduce the impact of the Chandipura virus, especially on children.

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