Your car’s cabin air might be giving you cancer

A new study published in Environmental Science & Technology raises concerns about the air quality inside our cars. Researchers from a Washington-based science journal found alarmingly high levels of potentially cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens) in the cabin air of personal vehicles.

The study focused on a group of chemicals called organophosphate esters (OPEs), commonly used as flame retardants in vehicle seat cushions and padding. These chemicals, including one called TCIPP, were detected in a staggering 99% of the vehicles tested.

What’s even more concerning is that TCIPP is currently under investigation by the U.S. National Toxicology Program due to its potential to cause cancer. The researchers also found significant levels of two additional flame retardants, TDCIPP and TCEP, both classified as known carcinogens.

Dr Pakhee Aggarwal, Senior Consultant, Gynaecological Oncology and Robotic Surgeon, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, explained that long-term exposure to these pollutants, especially in heavily trafficked areas or enclosed spaces like garages, has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer and other respiratory diseases.

She noted that asbestos, a known carcinogen, was also historically used in brake linings and clutch facings, and posed a risk to mechanics and others who worked on older vehicles.

“While the cancer risk from occasional exposure is relatively low, it’s crucial to maintain proper ventilation, minimise exposure to vehicle emissions, and follow safety guidelines when working with automotive components,” Dr Aggarwal noted.

“These pollutants can also exacerbate respiratory conditions (file)

What are the health problems that can arise from exposure to carcinogens?

Prolonged exposure to vehicle emissions and hazardous materials like asbestos, benzene, and formaldehyde can significantly increase the risk of various types of cancer, particularly lung cancer, bladder cancer, and mesothelioma, said Dr Aggarwal.

“These pollutants can also exacerbate respiratory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and pose heightened risks for vulnerable populations like children and the elderly,” she explained in an interaction with indianexpress.com.

Environmentally, vehicle emissions contribute to air pollution, damaging ecosystems, harming wildlife, and driving climate change. Furthermore, Dr Aggarwal noted, improper disposal of hazardous automotive materials can contaminate soil and water sources, posing risks to both human and ecological health.

Can these problems be mitigated?

According to Dr Aggarwal, here are some things you can do to mitigate the risk of cancer:

1. Promoting the use of cleaner and more efficient vehicle technologies, such as hybrid and electric vehicles, can significantly reduce harmful emissions.

2. Implementing stricter emissions standards and regulations for both new and existing vehicles can help decrease the level of pollutants released into the air.

3. Proper maintenance and inspection of vehicles, including regular tune-ups and emission tests, can ensure that engines are running efficiently and minimising pollutant emissions.

4. Encouraging the use of public transportation, carpooling, and active transportation (walking or cycling) can reduce the overall number of vehicles on the road and their associated emissions.

5. Responsible disposal and recycling of automotive fluids, brake pads, and other hazardous components can prevent environmental contamination and potential health risks.

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